Do you know about - The New Wave of Environmentalism in the Gulf
Association Of Social Work Boards! Again, for I know. Ready to share new things that are useful. You and your friends.Resource stress, pollution and climate turn all threaten to aggravate instability and inequality in the Gulf, but have so far failed to capture group imagination. Now a wave of grassroots initiatives is trying to turn this. Springing up in response to local problems, often employing Islamic article and spreading straight through Facebook, the movement is characteristic of the Gulf's new generation and its rapidly evolving advent to ecology.
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"It's growing like crazy" says the effusive Khayra Bundakji of the environmental movement in Saudi Arabia's coastal city of Jeddah. A surprising fact, perhaps, in a country not known for its ecological values. What's more, women are important the movement. Of the 17 groups Bundakji found active in Jeddah on environmental issues, 15 of them were initiated by women.
Bundakji, a computer science major and internet blogger, founded Faseelah, Effat University's first Islamic environmentalism assosication in 2010. She also works with Naqa'a (purity), the brainchild of two nursing students, which calls itself a youth driven "environmental enterprise." Naqa'a's educational campaigns emphasize "the three Rs"-reduce, reuse, recycle-of the western mantra, the Islamic duty of stewardship over the environment, as well as concepts of purity and reining in excessive consumption.
Despite these examples, the environmental movement is still a small world, composed generally of the educated middle class. Exposure to ecologically conscious societies in the West and efforts in other Gulf cities are the most generally cited influences feeding the Gulf's environmental movement, agreeing to Bundakji, who lived in the Us and Dubai for 11 years.
Environmental campaigns in the United Arab Emirates (Uae) are at least a decade ahead and have been impacted by the large expatriate society (over 80 percent of the population). A former government official, Habiba Al-Marashi, established the Emirates Environmental Group in 1991 and has come to be a one-woman tour de force in railing against over consumption and attractive the underground sector in sustainability drives. The international World Wildlife Fund (Wwf) opened its first office in a Gulf State in Abu Dhabi in 2001, where it conducts conservation projects and tracks the heavy environmental footprint of Uae citizens. High-profile events such as the Sharjah Art Biennale, initiated by Sheikh Qasimi whose 2007 theme was ecological art, have also raised awareness in the region.
"People in the West often view these initiatives as either a drop in the ocean in countries which rely on oil exports or as plain hypocrisy because of their high levels of consumption" says Professor Jeremy Bendik-Keymer, a former lecturer in environmental ethics at the American University of Sharjah. But he cautions against cynicism. "In fact, what you see in the Emirates is just an intensified version of the material law we have in the Us...the advantage they have is their 'can do' attitude and the capital to back it up."
While the glamour of green activity in the Uae may have offered inspiration to Jeddah, it was the tragic floods of November 2009 that in effect kick-started local activism. One group, Muwatana, began as an urgency volunteer relief effort for the victims and has come to be active in subsequent local environmental improvements such as beach clean-ups-a look at its Facebook page reveals 1,751 members and it has served as an introductory network and model for other groups.
"Before the floods, there was interest in the environment but it was not determined a priority" says Dr Majdah Aburas, member on the board of directors of the Saudi Environmental society (Sens), an assosication begun in 2006 under the auspices of Environment Minister, Prince Turki bin Nasser. "After the floods, citizen became a lot more active-Sens organized a campaign of 900 volunteers from many separate [informal] groups to help with the clean-up operation-and there was much more interest in acting to enhance their local environment."
Sens is now important a national cleaning campaign in collaboration with the Mayor of Jeddah and Prince Salman bin Sultan's Charitable patrimony Foundation, which explains the penalties for dumping waste but also regenerates deprived neighborhoods. "Every Thursday, we are in a historical area of Jeddah" says Aburas, herself a notable specialist in the bio-remediation of crude oil pollution on desert soil. "One of the projects is getting volunteers to redesign a small organery in a neglected, poor area that will both fit with former aesthetics and furnish a nice recreational space for poor families."
Most volunteers are young people-from the ages of 4 to 30. And yes, Sens abides by Saudi law and practice in separating the male and female volunteers while activities. "This is why we will be successful" she says "because we take into list tradition and group improvement needs as well as the environment." Al-Marashi is likewise impressed by the volunteering spirit in the Uae. "For example, the up-to-date Clean Up Uae campaign witnessed the participation of 20,000 volunteers over the country who collected 91 tons of waste!" she says.
Greenpeace-style activism this is not. Political status is also ambiguous. Aburas terms groups like Muwatana "voluntary committees" as they do not have status as organizations under Saudi law. Can we even use the terms grassroots or civil society? Dr Chris Davidson, author of Abu Dhabi: Oil and Beyond, thinks not in the case of groups in the Uae, "you will find that they normally have patronage from the rulers and it would be very hard for them to publicize government crimes against the environment...it doesn't help that the press is one of the most controlled in the region."
"We can't speak of a coherent civil society movement in the Uae as such-because of the politics, that is tricky" says Bendik-Keymer, "but we can see three broad areas of environmental activity in the Uae: society philanthropy, 'green business' initiatives, and stunningly futuristic engineering projects." Under the first category come groups like Eeg and Emirates Diving that create voluntary beach and reef clean-ups, and group efforts like Adopt-a-Camp-a volunteer group helping to enhance sanitary conditions in the South Asian laborer camps. The second is manifest in the media saturation with environmental claims from the firm sector which vary from greenwash to seriously innovative conservation projects. The third, like Masdar City (a sustainable city planned for 2025) and the related solar farm, have an succeed on people's minds agreeing to Bendik-Keymer, "they could send a great message about the kind of civilization the Emirates aspires to be."
In spite of their comparative newness and less sophisticated Pr, the Saudi initiatives advantage from a more investigative press and the much larger indigenous university-aged population. They have steered clear of any friction with the state but informal conversations divulge disdain for local management of the environment and concerns about the lack of mechanisms for accountability. Nevertheless, all express hope for more withhold from the national government and senior figures of society in putting this to rights.
Professor Hussain Fouad Sindi, project manager with independent Saudi think tank Al-Aghar, is important a professional team in drawing up a practical water strategy for the Kingdom. He went on national television last year to criticize both the bureaucracy for mismanaging water and the normal group for wasting it. But he stresses, "our King is determined to tackle the issue [of water] no matter what it takes, that I am personally sure of. So, when finished, an menagerial article of this study will be handed to His Majesty."
Kuwaitis, who have a longer tradition of open political deliberate upon and suffered some of the worst effects of oil pollution while the 1990-91 Gulf War, are more outspoken. Last May, 15,000 students were reported to have staged a two-day walk out over heavy industrial emissions in Kuwait's Umm Al-Haiman area, which are view to be causing cancer and respiratory illnesses. This and a group demonstration by 200 citizen was organized by the local volunteer environmental security committee and supported by Kuwait's Greenline Environmental Group-an Ngo started in 2001 by journalist Khalid al-Hajeri, who often lambasts the government on environmental issues in the national and regional press.
Interest in the environment is most often provoked not by global dialogue on climate turn or biodiversity but condition and firm risks closer to home. As one Saudi scientist put it, "ok, we need to sacrifice Co2 emissions but we have to put the national interest first...we should focus on reducing sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide-have you seen satellite pictures of the huge orange cloud over Riyadh? This is causing serious condition problems."
The impacts of pollution are increasingly discussed by the Gulf's media. From an American study reported in October estimating some 600 air pollution-related deaths in the Uae in 2007, to the lawful Iranian proclamation in December that colse to 3,600 citizen a month die from smog inhalation in Tehran. Poor sewerage medicine also poses a risk to the reputations of richer Gulf countries. In 2009, raw sewage dumped in Dubai's storm drains ended the luxury Jumeira Beach resort. Lake Salwa in Qatar is someone else example of rapid improvement outpacing infrastructure. "This is threatening to pollute the already dwindling national water table" warns Doha-based Unesco project officer Mark Sutcliffe.
Bundakji is a strong believer in the power of grassroots driven movements to promote real turn in society towards sustainability. She attended a think tank workshop prior to the Saudi Water and Power Forum (Swpf) last October and says; "I met so many passionate ministers and heads of clubs like Philips and Ge who would love more attentiveness and time dedicated to these issues. However, I feel that it will take the voluntary leaders to push influential [government] bodies in the direction."
She immediately saw the empowering role Sens could play in coordinating and focusing what she feels is a fragmented and ill-equipped movement. She liked Aburas's reference to Sens as a "tent" for the informal committees. "What would in effect help us is if Sens could list all the separate groups with websites and experience details on one page of its website."
"It is helpful that Facebook is such a big part of our culture, because causes and campaigns spread at an exponential rate straight through it." However, she warns, "the majority of the initiatives are based on half-baked ideas" not necessarily based on a solid understanding of the local context and ecology. "For instance, many an Earth Day has been notable by planting trees that have not been proven to be indigenous to the region. The fall of such initiatives comes when the initiator realizes they don't have adequate time to educate themselves on local conservation needs, let alone the masses."
Nationwide instruction is Aburas' ambition. Her mission is to turn Sens into an independent not for profit firm and get the government and some underground sector sponsors to sign up to its ten-year strategy aimed at a transition in behavior in the country. "This would be the first national awareness schedule for sustainable improvement in the Arab World; it would use many tools but combine on schools to not only raise environmental understanding but turn habits in the country."
As a way forward for fledgling environmental groups where legal political status is not an option, the idea of group firm is catching on. Many are seeking company, rather than charity status. This fits with both the religious withhold for voluntary philanthropic work and government withhold for underground sector-led improvement and avoids the politically antagonistic field of the lobby group or even the Ngo.
First published: Wednesday 02 February 2011
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